The boundary around epithelial cells is formed by which structure?

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Epithelial boundaries are formed by the basement membrane. This thin, specialized extracellular matrix sits between the epithelium and the underlying connective tissue, providing anchoring support and a selective barrier. It consists of two parts: the basal lamina, secreted by epithelial cells, and the reticular lamina, produced by connective tissue. Together they help define tissue organization and guide cell behavior. The other tissues listed—dermis (the connective tissue beneath the basement membrane), adipose tissue, and smooth muscle—do not form the boundary directly around epithelial cells.