How does a fibroadenoma typically appear on mammography?

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A fibroadenoma shows up on mammography as a discrete, well-circumscribed mass with a round or oval shape and smooth margins. This clean, well-defined border reflects its benign, noninvasive nature. Irregular or spiculated borders would raise concern for malignancy, and diffuse calcifications scattered throughout the breast don’t form a single defined mass. Calcifications can be present within an older fibroadenoma (such as popcorn-type calcifications), but the hallmark image is the smooth, well-defined mass.